Legislature Act 16 of Judicial Inspection No. 4-04373
Act No 4-04373
Published January 18, 2011
Seat No 486
PERDUCA , PORETTA - The President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Affairs. -
Given that:
in 1961 the international community adopted the Convention on narcotic drugs and psychotropic single bearing four tables with the list of plants and substances derived from them that should be tightly controlled throughout the world in their production, consumption and trade;
some plants for production is allowed trade and for medical and scientific
later in the '70s, as amended by, and again in 1988 with the third United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs, were permitted exceptions to the traditional uses of some substances, the
coca (Erythroxylum coca or coca Erythroxylon) is a plant of the family Erythroxylaceae native to tropical regions of Central and North-Western South America is a shrub or small tree 2-3 meters high, with deep green leaves alternate. The small white flowers produce a reddish drupe containing a single seed. The coca plant is a shrub that remains in production even up to age 50. Previously classified within the order of Linales, with the most recent phylogenetic classification is considered part of the order of Malpighiaceae;
from the leaves of the coca plant is also apparent cocaine, a narcotic;
the world's leading manufacturers coca leaves are Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. The extension of the crops is very variable according to the schedules dei rispettivi Governi e l'azione dello sviluppo alternativo alle coltivazioni, con incentivi offerti da vari Paesi, e normalmente canalizzati dalle Nazioni Unite, per riconvertire le coltivazioni di coca in prodotti legali. Orientativamente in Colombia si coltivano poco più di 100.000 ettari, in Perù attorno a 50.000 e in Bolivia 30.000;
considerato che:
nel 2009, il Presidente della Bolivia, Evo Morales Ayma, scrisse al Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite, Ban Ki Moon, per comunicare la decisione del suo Governo di presentare due emendamenti alla Convenzione singola sulle sostanze narcotiche e psicotrope relativi agli articoli 49 nei paragrafi 1, lettera c) , e 2, lettera e) ;
Article 49 is related to the transitional provisions of the Commission's 1961 article and in paragraph 1, letter c ) concerns "chewing the coca leaf"
Article 2 submit to further restrictions relating to reservations made under paragraph 1 and paragraph 2, point and ) concerns the chewing of coca leaf should be abolished within 25 years after entry into force of the Convention, as provided for in Article 41, paragraph 1 ;
July 30, the Bolivian proposal to amend the Convention was addressed by the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and, after informal negotiations, the 54 Member States have decided unanimously to send the proposed amendments to all States Parties to the Convention, because they look;
Bolivia, although represented at the conference of 1961, initially did not sign the Convention and its accession in 1976 under the military dictatorship Hugo Banzer, who immediately made it mandatory for the country to remove the possibility of mastication traditional
if the proposed amendments were adopted from Bolivia would still be required to limit production for "medical and scientific purposes" for plants and substances in Table 1 of the 1961 Convention, including coca leaf;
finally considered that since summer 2009 the U.S. announced the submission of an objection to the two amendments Bolivians and that, during informal negotiations in recent months and contacts that some international NGOs like the International Institute Transnational drug consortium or have had some delegations, it would appear that the Russian Federation, Japan, China, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and France have decided to support the U.S. objections;
kept in mind that Italy is a member of ECOSOC 2012,
asks to know: whether and how
Italy is involved in this exercise;
what the Italian position on the amendments boliviani;
quale sia la posizione italiana circa le obiezioni degli Stati Uniti;
se non occorra ampliare il dibattito che scaturirà dagli emendamenti boliviani anche ad altri documenti delle Nazioni Unite come la Convenzione sulla biodiversità del 29 dicembre 1993;
se, dopo 50 anni, non sia forse il caso di convocare un dibattito ad hoc , anche a latere della prossima 54ª Commissione droghe dell'Onu del 21 25 marzo 2011, che valuti l'efficacia delle misure proibizionistiche contenute nelle Convenzioni del 1961, 1971 e 1988 e relativi emendamenti.
Legislatura 16 Risposta ad interrogazione scritta n° 4-04373
Answer to Question
4-04373 File No. 112
Response. - Italy follows with great attention in the debate following the United Nations as a result of the proposed amendment to the Convention on Bolivian narcotics and psychotropic substances of 1961. This commitment is consistent with the important role traditionally played by our country, law enforcement against drug trafficking and social and medical assistance to drug addicts in the European Union, G8 and the UN, to participate in debates actively as a member of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
The Italian position was established through close coordination between the Department drug policy of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry and the central anti-drug services for the Ministry of Interior.
Italy has pressed for a common position was developed within the European Union, which has not been reached. In the Horizontal Drugs Group meeting of the EU Council in Brussels 25 January 2011, in addition to Italy, a large majority of Member States have also confirmed its firm opposition to the amendment Bolivia: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark , Estonia, Finland, Francia, Germania, Grecia, Lettonia, Paesi Bassi, Polonia, Regno Unito, Slovacchia e Svezia.
La contrarietà dell’Italia alla proposta di emendamento boliviana, nonché alla connessa proposta della Bolivia di far convocare una conferenza nell’ambito ECOSOC, si fonda su diverse argomentazioni, condivise dai predetti partner comunitari e da numerosi altri Stati, fra i quali Stati Uniti, Canada, Giappone, Malesia, Messico, Russia, e Singapore. Occorre tenere presente infatti che attraverso la ratifica della Convenzione unica sugli stupefacenti del 1961, gli Stati parte hanno assunto l’obbligo di limitare il commercio e il consumo degli stupefacenti esclusivamente per scopi medici e scientifici. The Bolivian amendment also threatens to fail the integrity of the 1961 Convention, the cornerstone of our drug policy and other legal instruments of the international community has adopted in recent decades to address the problem of drug trafficking, property almost exclusively of transnational organized crime.
expressing its position within the UN and in bilateral contacts with Bolivia, Italy has also failed to recognize the valuable work carried out by Bolivia in combating drug production and drug trafficking, to understand even in light of the General Assembly Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the motivations of a cultural underpinning of the position and the Bolivian state to its favorable orientation in support of the international dialogue on traditional indigenous practices as long as the debate does not take place under the 1961 Convention.
Attempts to adequately promote dialogue on cultural practices of indigenous peoples have emerged for example in the following proposals have recently emerged in the EU: a) establishing an informal group in Vienna, with the participation of Bolivia and the other signatory States of the Convention, with the aim of defining possible ways in which the preservation of traditional and consumer locali possa eventualmente contemperarsi con il rispetto del diritto internazionale; b) nel chiedere alla Commissione europea di presentare uno studio scientifico sull’effetto della masticazione delle foglie di coca; c) nel rafforzare il dialogo e la collaborazione con la Bolivia sostenendo il programma elaborato dall’UNODC a favore di quel Paese.
Per quanto attiene inoltre l’opportunità di ampliare il dibattito ad altri documenti delle Nazioni Unite non si ravvisa l’esistenza di un nesso diretto tra la tematica della biodiversità e quella della masticazione tradizionale della foglia di coca. La Convenzione del 1993 infatti persegue i seguenti tre obiettivi: la conservazione della diversità biologica; l’uso sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the proper use of genetic resources.
Consistent with its position, contrary to the Bolivian proposal to amend the Convention of 1961, Italy also does not see the opportunity to convene an ad hoc debate to assess the effectiveness of the measures contained in the three international conventions, the 1961, 1971 and 1988 on drugs, during the 54th Session of UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs, whose agenda does not include, however, this issue.
Undersecretary of State for Foreign Affairs
SCOTTI
(February 16 2011) SCOTTI
0 comments:
Post a Comment